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Expo CLI

The Expo CLI is a command-line tool that is the primary interface between a developer and other Expo tools.


This documentation refers to the Local Expo CLI. For information on legacy CLI, see Global Expo CLI.

The expo package provides a small and powerful CLI tool npx expo which is designed to keep you moving fast during app development.

Highlights

  • Start a server for developing your app: npx expo start.
  • Generate the native Android and iOS directories for your project: npx expo prebuild.
  • Build and run the native apps locally: npx expo run:ios and npx expo run:android.
  • Install and update packages that work with the version of react-native in your project: npx expo install package-name.
  • npx expo can be used with npx react-native simultaneously.

To view a list of available commands in Expo CLI, run the following in your project:

Terminal
npx expo -h

You can also run yarn expo -h if you prefer to use yarn as the package manager.

The output should look something like below:

Usage
  $ npx expo <command>

Commands
  start, export
  run:ios, run:android, prebuild
  install, customize, config
  login, logout, whoami, register

Options
  --version, -v   Version number
  --help, -h      Usage info

You can run any command with the --help or -h flag to learn more about it:

Terminal
npx expo login -h

Installation

Expo CLI is included in the expo package. You can install it with npm or yarn:

Terminal
yarn add expo

Projects that are not using Expo Prebuild (often referred to as Bare workflow) will need to perform additional setup to ensure all custom Expo bundling features work: Metro: Bare workflow setup.

Develop

Start a development server to work on your project by running:

Terminal
npx expo start

You can also run npx expo as an alias to npx expo start.

This command starts a server on http://localhost:8081 (for SDK 48 and lower, the port number is 19000) that a client can use to interact with the bundler. The default bundler is Metro.

The UI that shows up in the process is referred to as the Terminal UI. It contains a QR code (for the dev server URL) and a list of keyboard shortcuts you can press:

Keyboard shortcutDescription
AOpen the project on a connected Android device.
Shift + ASelect an Android device or emulator to open.
IOpen the project in an iOS Simulator.
Shift + ISelect an iOS Simulator to open.
WOpen the project in a web browser. This may require webpack to be installed in your project.
RReload the app on any connected device.
SSwitch the launch target between Expo Go and development builds.
MOpen the dev menu on any connected native device (web not supported).
Shift + MChoose more commands to trigger on connected devices.
This includes toggling the performance monitor, opening the element inspector, reloading the device, and opening the dev menu.
JOpen Chrome Dev Tools for any connected device that is using Hermes as the JavaScript engine. Learn more.
OOpen project code in your editor. This can be configured with the EXPO_EDITOR and EDITOR environment variables.
EShow the development server URL as a QR code in the terminal.
?Show all Terminal UI commands.

Launch target

The npx expo start command automatically launches the app in a development build if expo-dev-client is installed in the project. Otherwise, it launches the app in Expo Go.

Alternatively, you can force the launch target by passing the following flags to the command:

  • --dev-client: Always launch the app in a development build.
  • --go: Always launch the app in Expo Go.

You can also switch the launch target during runtime by pressing S in the Terminal UI. The run commands also use --dev-client after compiling the development build, by default.

Server URL

By default, the project is served over a LAN connection. You can change this behavior to localhost-only by using the flag npx expo start --localhost.

Other available options are:

  • --port: Port to start the dev server on (does not apply to webpack or tunnel URLs). Default: 8081. For SDK 48 and lower, defaults to 19000.
  • --https: Start the dev server using a secure origin. This is currently only supported on web.

You can force the URL to be any value with the EXPO_PACKAGER_PROXY_URL environment variable. For example:

Terminal
export EXPO_PACKAGER_PROXY_URL=http://expo.dev
npx expo start

Will open apps to: exp://expo.dev:80 (the :80 is a temporary workaround for Android WebSockets).

Tunneling

Restrictive network conditions (common for public Wi-Fi), firewalls (common for Windows users), or Emulator misconfiguration can make it difficult to connect a remote device to your dev server over lan/localhost.

Sometimes it's easier to connect to a dev server over a proxy URL that's accessible from any device with internet access, this is referred to as tunneling. npx expo start provides built-in support for tunneling via ngrok.

To enable tunneling, first install @expo/ngrok:

Terminal
npm i -g @expo/ngrok

Then run the following to start your dev server from a tunnel URL:

Terminal
npx expo start --tunnel

This will serve your app from a public URL like: http://xxxxxxx.bacon.19000.exp.direct:80.

Drawbacks

  • Tunneling is slower than local connections because requests must be forwarded to a public URL.
  • Tunnel URLs are public and can be accessed by any device with a network connection. Expo CLI mitigates the risk of exposure by adding entropy to the beginning of the URL. Entropy can be reset by clearing the .expo directory in your project.
  • Tunnels require a network connection on both devices, meaning this feature cannot be used with the --offline flag.

Tunneling requires a third-party hosting service, this means it may sometimes experience intermittent issues like ngrok tunnel took too long to connect or Tunnel connection has been closed. This is often related to intermittent connection problems with the Ngrok servers.... Be sure to check for Ngrok outages before reporting an issue. Some Windows users have also reported needing modify their antivirus settings to allow Ngrok to work.

Offline

You can develop without a network connection by using the --offline flag:

Terminal
npx expo start --offline

Offline will prevent the CLI from making network requests. If you don't use the flag and your computer has no internet connection, then offline support will automatically be enabled, it will just take a bit longer to verify the reachability.

Expo CLI makes network requests to sign manifests with your user credentials to ensure sensitive information is sandboxed in reusable runtimes like Expo Go.

.expo directory

When you start the development server in a project for the first time, a .expo directory is created at the root of that project. It contains two files:

  • devices.json: Contains information about devices that have opened this project recently.
  • settings.json: Contains information about server configuration that is used to serve the project's manifest.

Both of these files have information that is specific to your local computer. This is the reason why .expo directory is included in the .gitignore file, by default, when a new project is created. It is not meant to be shared with other developers.

Building

A React Native app consists of two parts: a native runtime (compiling), and static files like JavaScript bundles and assets (exporting). Expo CLI provides commands for performing both tasks.

Compiling

You can compile your app locally with the run commands:

Terminal
# Build for iOS
npx expo run:ios
# Build for Android
npx expo run:android

Highlights

  • Build directly on connected devices with no global side effects using the --device flag. Supports locked devices, letting you retry instantly instead of needing to rebuild.
  • Automatically codesign iOS apps for development from the CLI without having to open Xcode.
  • Smart log parsing shows warnings and errors from your project source code, unlike Xcode which surfaces hundreds of benign warnings from your node modules.
  • Fatal errors causing your app to crash will be surfaced in the terminal preventing the need to reproduce in Xcode.

npx expo run:ios can only be run on a Mac, and Xcode must be installed. You can build the app in the cloud from any computer using eas build -p ios. Similarly, npx expo run:android requires Android Studio and Java to be installed and configured on your computer.

Building locally is useful for developing native modules and debugging complex native issues. Building remotely with eas build is a much more resilient option due to the pre-configured cloud environment.

If your project does not have the corresponding native directories, the npx expo prebuild command will run once to generate the respective directory before building.

For example, if your project does not have an ios directory in the root of your project, then npx expo run:ios will first run npx expo prebuild -p ios before compiling your app. For more information on this process, see Expo Prebuild.

Cross-Platform Arguments

  • --no-build-cache: Clear the native cache before building. On iOS, this is the derived data folder. Cache clearing is useful for profiling your build times.
  • --no-install: Skip installing dependencies. On iOS, this will also skip running npx pod-install if the dependencies field in the project's package.json has changed.
  • --no-bundler: Skip starting the dev server. Enabled automatically if the dev server is already serving the app from a different process.
  • -d, --device [device]: Device name or ID to build the app on. You can pass --device without arguments to select a device from a list of available options. This supports connected devices as well as virtual devices.
  • -p, --port <port>: Port to start the development server. Default: 8081. This is only relevant for development builds. Production builds will export the project and embed the files in the native binary before installing them on a device.

Compiling Android

Android apps can have multiple different variants which are defined in the project's build.gradle file. Variants can be selected with the --variant flag:

Terminal
npx expo run:android --variant debug

You can compile the Android app for production by running:

Terminal
npx expo run:android --variant release

This build is not automatically code-signed for submission to the Google Play Store. This command should be used to test bugs that may only show up in production builds. To generate a production build that is code signed for the Play Store, we recommend using EAS Build.

You can debug the native Android project using native debugging tools by opening the android directory in Android Studio:

Terminal
open -a /Applications/Android Studio.app android

Compiling iOS

An iOS app can have multiple schemes for representing different sub-apps like App Clips, watchOS apps, Safari Extensions, and so on. By default, npx expo run:ios will choose the scheme for your iOS app. You can pick a custom scheme with the --scheme <my-scheme> argument. If you pass in the --scheme argument alone, then Expo CLI will prompt you to choose a scheme from the list of available options in your Xcode project.

The scheme you select will filter out which --device options show up in the selection prompt, for example, selecting an Apple TV scheme will only show available Apple TV devices.

You can compile an iOS app for production by running:

Terminal
npx expo run:ios --configuration Release

This build is not automatically code signed for submission to the Apple App Store. npx expo run:ios should mostly be used to test bugs that only show up in production builds. Native code signing requires several network requests and is prone to many different types of errors from the Apple servers. To generate a production build that is code signed for the App Store, we recommend using EAS Build.

When you compile your app onto a Simulator, the Simulator's native error logs will be piped to the Expo CLI process in the terminal. This is useful for quickly seeing bugs that may cause a fatal error. For example, missing permission messages. Error piping is not available for physical iOS devices.

You can debug using lldb and all of the native Apple debugging tools by opening the project in Xcode and rebuilding from Xcode:

Terminal
xed ios

Building from Xcode is useful because you can set native breakpoints and profile any part of the application. Be sure to track changes in source control (git) in case you need to regenerate the native app with npx expo prebuild -p ios --clean.

iOS development signing

If you want to see how your app will run on your device, all you have to do is connect it, run npx expo run:ios —-device, and select your connected device.

Expo CLI will automatically sign the device for development, install the app, and launch it.

If you don't have any developer profiles setup on your computer then you'll need to set them up manually outside of Expo CLI by following this guide: Setup Xcode signing.

Exporting

You can export the JavaScript and assets for your app using Metro bundler by running:

Terminal
npx expo export

This is done automatically when using eas update or when compiling the native runtime. The export command works similar to most web frameworks:

  • A bundler transpiles and bundles your application code for production environments, stripping all code guarded by the __DEV__ boolean.
  • All static files are copied into a static dist/ folder which can be served from a static host.
  • Contents of the public/ folder are copied into the dist/ folder as-is.

The following options are provided:

  • --platform <platform>: Choose the platform to compile for: 'ios', 'android', 'all'. Default: all. 'web' is also available if configured in the app config. For more information, see Customizing Metro.
  • --dev: Bundle for development environments without minifying code or stripping the __DEV__ boolean.
  • --output-dir <dir>: The directory to export the static files to. Default: dist
  • --max-workers <number>: Maximum number of tasks to allow the bundler to spawn. Setting this to 0 will run all transpilation on the same process, meaning you can easily debug Babel transpilation.
  • -c, --clear: Clear the bundler cache before exporting.
  • --no-minify: Skip minifying JavaScript and CSS assets (SDK 49 and above).
  • --no-bytecode: Skip generating Hermes bytecode for native platforms (SDK 50 and above). Only use this for analyzing bundle sizes and never ship UTF-8 bundles to native platforms as this will lead to drastically longer startup times.

Hosting with sub-paths

Experimental functionality. Available from SDK 50.

You can configure the prefix for static assets by setting the experiments.baseUrl field in your app config:

app.json
{
  "expo": {
    "experiments": {
      "baseUrl": "/my-root"
    }
  }
}

This will export the website with all resources prefixed with /my-root. For example, an image at assets/image.png will be expected to be hosted at /my-root/assets/image.png. The actual file will be located in the same file system location as the entire directory is expected to be hosted at /my-root on the server.

Expo Router has built-in support for baseUrl. When using the Link and router APIs, the baseUrl will be automatically prepended to the URL.

app/blog/index.tsx
import { Link } from 'expo-router';

export default function Blog() {
  return <Link href="/blog/123">Go to blog post</Link>;
}

This will export to the following:

Output HTML
<a href="/my-root/post/123">Go to blog post</a>

If you use <a>, React Navigation, or the Linking API directly, you'll need to manually prepend the baseUrl.

The baseUrl functionality is production-only and must be set before exporting the website. If you change the value, you must re-export the website.

Images and other assets will work automatically if you require or import them. If you directly reference a resource URL then you will need to append the baseUrl manually.

app/index.tsx
import { Image } from 'expo-image';

export default function Blog() {
  return <Image source={require('@/assets/image.png')} />;
}

This will export to the following:

Output HTML
<img src="/my-root/assets/assets/image.png" />

Manually passing a URL will need to be manually prefixed:

app/index.tsx
export default function Blog() {
  return <img src="/my-root/assets/image.png" />;
}

Exporting for a sub-path is not supported in SDK 49 and below.

Exporting with webpack

Deprecated: In SDK 50 and above, Expo Webpack has been deprecated in favor of universal Metro (npx expo export). Learn more in migrating from Webpack to Expo Router.

You can export the JavaScript and assets for your web app using webpack by running the following:

Terminal
npx expo export:web
  • --dev: Bundle in 'development' mode without minifying code or stripping the __DEV__ boolean.
  • -c, --clear: Clear the bundler cache before exporting.

This command will be disabled if your project is configured to use metro for bundling web projects in the app.json via the expo.web.bundler: 'metro' field.

Prebuild

Terminal
npx expo prebuild

Native source code must be generated before a native app can compile. Expo CLI provides a unique and powerful system called prebuild, that generates the native code for your project. To learn more, read the Expo Prebuild docs.

Config

Evaluate the app config (app.json, or app.config.js) by running:

Terminal
npx expo config
  • --full: Include all project config data.
  • --json: Output in JSON format, useful for converting an app.config.js to an app.config.json.
  • -t, --type: Type of config to show.

Config type

There are three different config types that are generated from the app config:

  • public: The manifest file to use with OTA updates. Think of this like an index.html file's <head /> element but for native apps.
  • prebuild: The config that is used for Expo Prebuild including async modifiers. This is the only time the config is not serializable.
  • introspect: A subset of the prebuild config that only shows in-memory modifications like Info.plist or AndroidManifest.xml changes. Learn more about introspection.

Install

Unlike the web, React Native is not backwards compatible. This means that npm packages often need to be the exact right version for the currently installed copy of react-native in your project. Expo CLI provides a best-effort tool for doing this using a list of popular packages and the known working version combinations. Simply use the install command as a drop-in replacement for npm install:

Terminal
npx expo install expo-camera

Running a single instance of this command, you can also install multiple packages:

Terminal
npx expo install typescript expo-sms

You can directly pass arguments to the underlying package manager by using the -- operator:

Terminal
yarn expo install typescript -- -D
# yarn add typescript -D

Version validation

You can perform validation and correction with the --check and --fix flags:

  • --check: Check which installed packages need to be updated.
  • --fix: Automatically update any invalid package versions.

Example:

Terminal
# Check all packages for incorrect versions, prompt to fix locally
npx expo install --check

npx expo install --check prompts you about packages that are installed incorrectly. It also prompts about installing these packages to their compatible versions locally. It exits with non-zero in Continuous Integration (CI). This means you can use this to do continuous immutable validation. In contrast, npx expo install --fix will always fix packages if needed, regardless of the environment.

You can validate specific packages by passing them:

Terminal
# Check only react-native and expo-sms
npx expo install react-native expo-sms --check

The command npx expo install expo-camera and npx expo install expo-camera --fix serve the same purpose, the --fix command is useful for upgrading all packages in your project like:

Terminal
npx expo install --fix

Configuring dependency validation

Available in SDK 49 and above.

There may be circumstances where you want to use a version of a package is different from the version recommended by npx expo install.

For example, you are testing a new version of react-native-reanimated to verify that it works well in your app and fixes a bug that you encountered. Now you want to 1) not be warned by npx expo start or npx expo-doctor and 2) not have that package version changed when you run npx expo install --fix.

You can exclude specific packages from the version checks while still allowing the install command to install, check, and fix any other dependencies. This configuration extends to the checking done by npx expo-doctor.

To exclude packages from version checking, set the expo.install config object in your project's package.json:

package.json
{
  "expo": {
    "install": {
      "exclude": ["expo-updates", "expo-splash-screen"]
    }
  }
}

Install package managers

npx expo install has support for yarn, npm, and pnpm.

You can force the package manager using a named argument:

  • --npm: Use npm to install dependencies. Default when package-lock.json exists.
  • --yarn: Use yarn to install dependencies. Default when yarn.lock exists.
  • --pnpm: Use pnpm to install dependencies. Default when pnpm-lock.yaml exists.

Authentication

Expo CLI provides authentication methods to use with the npx expo start command. Authentication is used to "code sign" manifests for secure OTA usage. Think of this like HTTPS on the web.

  1. Register an account with npx expo register.
  2. Login to your account with npx expo login.
  3. Check which account is currently authenticated with npx expo whoami.
  4. Logout with npx expo logout.

These credentials are shared across Expo CLI and EAS CLI.

Customizing

Sometimes you may want to customize a project file that would otherwise be generated in memory by Expo CLI. When utilizing tools other than Expo CLI, you'll need to have the default config files present, otherwise your app may not work as expected. You can generate files by running:

Terminal
npx expo customize

From here, you can choose to generate basic project files like:

  • babel.config.js -- The Babel configuration. This is required to be present if you plan to use tooling other than Expo CLI to bundle your project.
  • webpack.config.js -- The default webpack config for web development.
  • metro.config.js -- The default Metro config for universal development. This is required for usage with npx react-native.
  • tsconfig.json -- Create a TypeScript config file and install the required dependencies.

Environment Variables

NameTypeDescription
HTTP_PROXYstringHTTP/HTTPS proxy URL to connect for all network requests. Configures https-proxy-agent.
EXPO_NO_WEB_SETUPbooleanPrevents the CLI from forcing web dependencies (react-dom, react-native-web, @expo/webpack-config) to be installed before using web functionality.
This is useful for cases where you wish to perform non-standard web development.
EXPO_OFFLINEbooleanSkip all network requests when applicable. This leads to faster development in areas with poor network connection.
EXPO_NO_TYPESCRIPT_SETUPbooleanPrevents the CLI from forcing TypeScript to be configured on npx expo start.
For more information, see TypeScript guide.
DEBUG=expo:*stringEnables debug logs for the CLI, you can configure this using the debug convention.
EXPO_DEBUGbooleanAn alias for DEBUG=expo:*.
EXPO_PROFILEbooleanEnable profiling stats for the CLI, this does not profile your application.
EXPO_NO_CACHEbooleanDisable all global caching. By default, app config JSON schemas, Expo Go binaries for simulators and emulators, and project templates are cached in the global .expo folder on your machine.
CIbooleanWhen enabled, the CLI will disable interactive functionality, skip optional prompts, and fail on non-optional prompts.
Example: CI=1 npx expo install --check will fail if any installed packages are outdated.
EXPO_NO_TELEMETRYbooleanDisables anonymous usage collection. Learn more about telemetry.
EXPO_NO_GIT_STATUSbooleanSkips warning about git status during potentially dangerous actions like npx expo prebuild --clean.
EXPO_NO_REDIRECT_PAGEbooleanDisables the redirect page for selecting an app, that shows when a user has expo-dev-client installed, and starts the project with npx expo start instead of npx expo start --dev-client.
EXPO_PUBLIC_FOLDERstringPublic folder path to use with Metro for web. Learn more about customizing Metro.
Default: public
EDITORstringName of the editor to open when pressing O in the Terminal UI. This value is used across many command line tools.
EXPO_EDITORstringAn Expo-specific version of the EDITOR variable which takes higher priority when defined.
EXPO_IMAGE_UTILS_NO_SHARPbooleanDisable the usage of global Sharp CLI installation in favor of the slower Jimp package for image manipulation. This is used in places like npx expo prebuild for generating app icons.
EXPO_TUNNEL_SUBDOMAINboolean
Experimental

Disable using exp.direct as the hostname for --tunnel connections. This enables https:// forwarding which can be used to test universal links on iOS. This may cause unexpected issues with expo-linking and Expo Go. Select the exact subdomain to use by passing a string value that is not one of: true, false, 1, 0.
EXPO_METRO_NO_MAIN_FIELD_OVERRIDEbooleanForce Expo CLI to use the resolver.resolverMainFields from the project's metro.config.js for all platforms. By default, Expo CLI will use ['browser', 'module', 'main'], which is the default for webpack, for the web and the user-defined main fields for other platforms.
EXPO_NO_INSPECTOR_PROXYboolean
deprecated

Disable the customized inspector proxy with improved support for the Chrome DevTools protocol.
This includes support for the network inspector.
EXPO_NO_CLIENT_ENV_VARSboolean
SDK 49+

Prevent inlining EXPO_PUBLIC_ environment variables in client bundles.
EXPO_NO_DOTENVboolean
SDK 49+

Prevent all .env file loading across Expo CLI.
EXPO_NO_METRO_LAZYbooleanPrevent adding the lazy=true query parameter to Metro URLs (metro@0.76.3 and greater). This disables import() support.
EXPO_USE_TYPED_ROUTESbooleanUse expo.experiments.typedRoutes to enable statically typed routes in Expo Router.
EXPO_METRO_UNSTABLE_ERRORSboolean
Experimental

Enable unstable error message improvements in Metro bundler. The features behind this flag are subject to removal and may be upstreamed.
EXPO_USE_METRO_WORKSPACE_ROOTbooleanEnable auto server root detection for Metro. This will change the server root to the workspace root. Useful for monorepos.
EXPO_USE_UNSTABLE_DEBUGGERboolean
Experimental

Enable the experimental debugger from React Native.
EXPO_ADB_USERstring
SDK 50+

Set the user number that should be passed to --user with ADB commands. Used for installing APKs on Android devices with multiple profiles. Defaults to 0.
EXPO_NO_TELEMETRY_DETACHboolean
SDK 51+

Send telemetry events in the main thread of @expo/cli. This slows the CLI down, as it has to wait until all events are sent.

Telemetry

Expo dev tools collect anonymous data about general usage. This helps us know when a feature is not working as expected. Telemetry is completely optional, you can opt out by using the EXPO_NO_TELEMETRY=1 environment variable.